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Top:/Destinations/Central Java/History
 Since the 7th century, there were a lot of kingdoms which existed in Central Java. The Kalingga Buddhish kingdom of Jepara was ruled by queen Shina in the year of 679. According to the Canggal manuscripts, the Hindu kingdom of Mataram was founded in Medang in 732 by King Sanjaya or Rakai Mataram. During the reign of king Rakai pikatan of the Sanjaya dynasty, a candi or temple was built called candi Roro Jonggrang or candi Perambanan.
Following the Buddhist kingdom of Mataram and the Syailendra dynasty more temples, such as Borobudur, Sewu and Kalasan were built. In the sixteenth century after the fall of the Hindu kingdom of Majapahit, Islamic kingdom rose its power in Demak. From that time on Islam was spread throughout Central Java. After the fall of the kingdom of Demak, Djoko Tingkir, the son in law of Trenggono, the king of Demak moved the kingdom to Pajang (near Solo) and proclaimed himself king of kingdom of Pajang and used the title Sultan Adiwijaya.
During his reign there were rebellions and riots. Sultan Adiwijaya ordered Danang Suto Wijaya to put an end to the rebellion, led by Ario Penangsang. He succeeded to kill Ario Penangsang. Because of his dedication, Sutowijaya was awarded the land of Mataram by the Sultan. After the fall of the Kindom of Pajang, Sutowijaya became the first king of the Islamic kingdom of Mataram in Central Java and used the title Panembahan Senopati.
In the middle of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese and the Spaniards came to Indonesia in search of spices to be traded in Europe. At the same time, the British followed by the Dutch set foot in Indonesia With their VOC (East Indie Company, the Dutch oppressed the Indonesian people, included the Javanese in Central Java, economically as well politically.
In the early eighteen century, Sri Sultan Pakubuwono II ruled over Mataram. After his demise, there were disputes among the members of the royal family about who was to be the next king. Dutch intervention did not make the situation better. The dispute was finally settled under the Giyanti agreement in 1755. The Mataram Kingdom was divided into two smaller kingdoms; Surakarta and Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat or Kraton Kasultanan in Yogyakarta.
The Dutch colonization lasted about 350 years and ended when the Japanese armed forces landed in Indonesia on March 1942 to start a three and a half-year occupation. On August 17, 1945 Indonesia proclaimed its independence and Central Java became a province under the law no. 10/1950.
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